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Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

Jianfeng Zhou, Ting Wang, Cecilia Yu, Xing Xie

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1253-x

摘要： • Nanowire-assisted LEEFT is applied for water disinfection with low voltages. • LEEFT inactivates bacteria by disrupting cell membrane through electroporation. • Multiple electrodes and device configurations have been developed for LEEFT. • The LEEFT is low-cost, highly efficient, and produces no DBPs. • The LEEFT can potentially be applicable for water disinfection at all scales. Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater treatment. The most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) while alternative methods (e.g., UV, O3, and membrane filtration) are limited by microbial regrowth, no residual disinfectant, and high operation cost. Here, a nanowire-enabled disinfection method, locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT), is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition, no DBP formation, low energy consumption, and efficient microbial inactivation. Attributed to the lightning rod effect, the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes, even though a small external voltage (usually<5 V) is applied. In this review, after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection, the theory of the LEEFT is explained. Subsequently, the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are summarized. The disinfection performance is analyzed, with respect to the operating parameters, universality against different microorganisms, electrode durability, and energy consumption. The studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.

关键词： Water treatment     Nanotechnology     Pathogen inactivation     Electroporation     Nanowire     Chemical-free    

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The inactivation of bacteriophages MS2 and PhiX174 by nanoscale zero-valent iron: Resistance difference

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1529-4

摘要：

• The resistance of phage PhiX174 to nZVI was much stronger than that of MS2.

关键词： Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)     MS2     PhiΧ174     Resistance     Inactivation     Pathogenic microorganisms    

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Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1629-9

摘要：

● Status of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by SO4•− is reviewed.

关键词： Sulfate radicals     Disinfection by-products     Inactivation mechanisms     Bacterial inactivation     Water disinfection    

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Bacterial inactivation, DNA damage, and faster ATP degradation induced by ultraviolet disinfection

Chao Yang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1192-6

摘要： • Long amplicon is more effective to test DNA damage induced by UV. • ATP in bacteria does not degrade instantly but does eventually after UV exposure. • After medium pressure UV exposure, ATP degraded faster. The efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection has been validated in numerous studies by using culture-based methods. However, the discovery of viable but non-culturable bacteria has necessitated the investigation of UV disinfection based on bacterial viability parameters. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate DNA damage and evaluated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to indicate bacterial viability. The results of qPCR effectively showed the DNA damage induced by UV when using longer gene amplicons, in that sufficiently long amplicons of both 16S and gadA indicated that the UV induced DNA damages. The copy concentrations of the long amplicons of 16S and gadA decreased by 2.38 log/mL and 1.88 log/mL, respectively, after exposure to 40 mJ/cm2 low-pressure UV. After UV exposure, the ATP level in the bacteria did not decrease instantly. Instead it decreased gradually at a rate that was positively related to the UV fluence. For low-pressure UV, this rate of decrease was slow, but for medium pressure UV, this rate of decrease was relatively high when the UV fluence reached 40 mJ/cm2. At the same UV fluence, the ATP level in the bacteria decreased at a faster rate after exposure to medium-pressure UV.

关键词： UV disinfection     DNA damage     qPCR     ATP    

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Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1504-5

摘要：

• Diversity and detection methods of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge.

关键词： Sludge treatment     Pathogenic microorganisms     Inactivation mechanisms     Exposure risks     Land application    

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Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO impregnated onto Perlite

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1335-9

摘要：

•ZnO/Perlite inactivated 72% of bioaerosols in continuous gas phase.

关键词： Immobilized catalysts     Continuous flow     Photocatalysis     Bioaerosols     Cytotoxicity     Inactivation mechanism    

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heterostructured g-CN/Bi-TiO floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1417-3

摘要：

• Bi doping in TiO2 enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole.

关键词： Bi doping     Visible light     Algal removal     Charge carrier separation    

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spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 330-339 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018208

摘要：

Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). Cronobacter spp. can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp. have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.

关键词： Cronobacter spp.     desiccation resistance     pathogen control     pathogen detection     powdered infant formula    

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions     systems biology     omics     plant immunity     protein–protein interaction     network    

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Selective targeted adsorption and inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by Cr-loaded mixed metal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1502-7

摘要：

• LDHs and MMOs was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted one-step co-precipitation.

关键词： Heavy metal adsorption     Magnetic hydrotalcite     ARBs removal     Cr(VI)-MMOs combined antibacterial activity    

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PathogenTrack and Yeskit: tools for identifying intracellular pathogens from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets as illustrated by application to COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 251-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0915-9

摘要： Pathogenic microbes can induce cellular dysfunction, immune response, and cause infectious disease and other diseases including cancers. However, the cellular distributions of pathogens and their impact on host cells remain rarely explored due to the limited methods. Taking advantage of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we can assess the transcriptomic features at the single-cell level. Still, the tools used to interpret pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi) at the single-cell level remain to be explored. Here, we introduced PathogenTrack, a python-based computational pipeline that uses unmapped scRNA-seq data to identify intracellular pathogens at the single-cell level. In addition, we established an R package named Yeskit to import, integrate, analyze, and interpret pathogen abundance and transcriptomic features in host cells. Robustness of these tools has been tested on various real and simulated scRNA-seq datasets. PathogenTrack is competitive to the state-of-the-art tools such as Viral-Track, and the first tools for identifying bacteria at the single-cell level. Using the raw data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples (BALF) from COVID-19 patients in the SRA database, we found the SARS-CoV-2 virus exists in multiple cell types including epithelial cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2-positive neutrophils showed increased expression of genes related to type I interferon pathway and antigen presenting module. Additionally, we observed the Haemophilus parahaemolyticus in some macrophage and epithelial cells, indicating a co-infection of the bacterium in some severe cases of COVID-19. The PathogenTrack pipeline and the Yeskit package are publicly available at GitHub.

关键词： scRNA-seq     intracellular pathogen     microbe     COVID-19     SARS-CoV-2    

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Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 776-785 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID 19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID 19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     pediatrics     emergency     retrospective investigation     severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2    

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Four kinds of capping materials for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from contaminated sediment using a static simulation experiment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1463-x

摘要：

• Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) can effectively absorb phosphorus (P).

关键词： Sediment     Eutrophication     Thin-layer capping     Phosphorus     Nitrogen     Aluminum-based P-inactivation agent    

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Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1330-1

摘要： Abstract • Bioaerosols are produced in the process of wastewater biological treatment. • The concentration of bioaerosol indoor is higher than outdoor. • Bioaerosols contain large amounts of potentially pathogenic biomass and chemicals. • Inhalation is the main route of exposure of bioaerosol. • Both the workers and the surrounding residents will be affected by the bioaerosol. Bioaerosols are defined as airborne particles (0.05–100 mm in size) of biological origin. They are considered potentially harmful to human health as they can contain pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review summarizes the most recent research on the health risks of bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to improve the control of such bioaerosols. The concentration and size distribution of WWTP bioaerosols; their major emission sources, composition, and health risks; and considerations for future research are discussed. The major themes and findings in the literature are as follows: the major emission sources of WWTP bioaerosols include screen rooms, sludge-dewatering rooms, and aeration tanks; the bioaerosol concentrations in screen and sludge-dewatering rooms are higher than those outdoors. WWTP bioaerosols contain a variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi, antibiotic resistance genes, viruses, endotoxins, and toxic metal(loid)s. These potentially pathogenic substances spread with the bioaerosols, thereby posing health risks to workers and residents in and around the WWTP. Inhalation has been identified as the main exposure route, and children are at a higher risk of this than adults. Future studies should identify emerging contaminants, establish health risk assessments, and develop prevention and control systems.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant     Bioaerosols     Pathogen     Dispersion     Risk assessment    

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Pathogen evolution, prevention/control strategy and clinical features of COVID-19: experiences from China

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1043-5

摘要： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported at the end of 2019 as a worldwide health concern causing a pandemic of unusual viral pneumonia and many other organ damages, which was defined by the World Health Organization as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic is considered a significant threat to global public health till now. In this review, we have summarized the lessons learnt during the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, including its prototype and variants. The overall clinical features of variants of concern (VOC), heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations, radiology and pathology of COVID-19 patients are also discussed, along with advances in therapeutic agents.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     SARS-CoV-2     epidemiology     clinical features    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

Jianfeng Zhou, Ting Wang, Cecilia Yu, Xing Xie

期刊论文

The inactivation of bacteriophages MS2 and PhiX174 by nanoscale zero-valent iron: Resistance difference

期刊论文

Bacteria inactivation by sulfate radical: progress and non-negligible disinfection by-products

期刊论文

Bacterial inactivation, DNA damage, and faster ATP degradation induced by ultraviolet disinfection

Chao Yang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao

期刊论文

Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review

期刊论文

Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO impregnated onto Perlite

期刊论文

heterostructured g-CN/Bi-TiO floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation

期刊论文

spp., foodborne pathogens threatening neonates and infants

Qiming CHEN, Yang ZHU, Zhen QIN, Yongjun QIU, Liming ZHAO

期刊论文

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

期刊论文

Selective targeted adsorption and inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by Cr-loaded mixed metal

期刊论文

PathogenTrack and Yeskit: tools for identifying intracellular pathogens from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets as illustrated by application to COVID-19

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

期刊论文

Four kinds of capping materials for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from contaminated sediment using a static simulation experiment

期刊论文

Composition, dispersion, and health risks of bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants: A review

Yunping Han, Lin Li, Ying Wang, Jiawei Ma, Pengyu Li, Chao Han, Junxin Liu

期刊论文

Pathogen evolution, prevention/control strategy and clinical features of COVID-19: experiences from China

期刊论文